What Are the Common Steps Of A Hero's Quest In Literature?
John Campbell introduced a popular structure to describe a hero's journey in his book "The Hero with a Thousand Faces." According to that structure, there are twelve common steps of a hero's quest in literature.
1) The Ordinary World
This is the place where the brave main character belongs, where the story begins. The protagonist starts to feel like he lacks something, or something is taken away from them, signaling the beginning of a quest. The readers learn about the nature of the hero in his original setting.
2) The Call to Adventure
This step marks the beginning of the hero's quest. The quest may take the form of adventure, problem, or challenge. The protagonist receives a call to action by chance or blunder. For example, his family might be at risk, world peace might be in danger, or something similar.
3) The Refusal of the Call
Heroes do not necessarily jump on the first sign of a quest. They might feel reluctant and fearful about the adventures to come. This shows us that heroes are also humans who second guess their abilities to take on challenges.
4) Meeting with the Mentor
At this point, the protagonist needs someone to motivate, reassure, and prepare them for the journey. Therefore, a mentor enters the story to guide the hero and give them something to help them through the journey. All the doubts and fear of this character in the previous step disappear, and the hero becomes ready to start the quest.
5) Crossing the Threshold
This step marks the hero's entry into the special world. It is a completely unfamiliar place where the protagonist will face real challenges. He usually encounters a threshold guardian here. This step locks the hero's commitment to the quest.
6) Tests, Allies, and Enemies
The hero meets new people at this step, learns new rules, and faces different challenges. He will make new friends and enemies. Friends help them pass through different obstacles, and enemies thwart his progress. The readers get familiar with the protagonist's true characteristics as the story progresses.
7) Approach to the Innermost Cave
This step marks the hero's encounter with the main objective of the quest. This encounter might be an actual place where some physical danger lies, or an inner conflict emerges in the hero's mind.
8) The Supreme Ordeal
This is the most action-filled part of the story, where the protagonist faces the main challenge of his quest. They have to overcome this challenge to survive or protect his world. This challenge may be his greatest fear, an arch-enemy, or an inner conflict.
9) Reward, Or Seizing the Sword
This is where the character defeats the main enemy or overcomes the major challenge. The protagonist tastes the joy of victory; he emerges from the battlefield with a stronger character and the desired prize.
10) The Road Back
Time for the main character to face the consequences of the final battle! The remaining forces might try to stop them on his way back or plot revenge against them. Here, the hero's objective is to thwart those remaining forces and return to his home with the reward.
11) Resurrection
This step involves the final hurdle, the hero's last encounter with death. This is where the quest comes to fruition and transforms the character completely.
12) Return with the Elixir
The final step marks the hero's return to the Original World as a transformed man. Elixir refers to the treasure of wisdom, freedom, love, and knowledge that the protagonist gains during the quest.