What Is Burlesque In Literature?
Originating from the Italian word burla, which means to "joke" or "ridicule," the term burlesque ("burlesco" in Italian) is used to describe literary work intended to poke fun at something or someone. In other words, it is a form of satire intended to cause laughter by imitating and caricaturing the subject matter of a serious literary creation, genre, or person.
Components in Literature
A piece of burlesque literature aims to create a ridiculous and funny disparity between the matter and manner of literary creation. "Parody" and "travesty" are some other terms used interchangeably with "burlesque" to refer to such a piece of work. However, a better approach is to think of travesty and parody as components of burlesque, which is a more generic word.
This type of literature tends to include different kinds of travesties and parodies within it. Moreover, not all burlesque creations have similar features. In fact, the characteristics vary significantly from one piece of work to another.
Types of Burlesque Literature
This form of literature has two main categories, "Low Burlesque" and "High Burlesque." You’ll find various sub-divisions within these groups.
High Form
A piece of burlesque literature can be classified into this category when the style and form are "serious," "dignified," or "high" while the subject matter is "low" or "trivial." Parody and mock-heroic/mock epic poem are some divisions within high burlesque literature.
Parody is among the most loved forms of this type of literature. In fact, its popularity goes back centuries with masterpieces like Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey (1818), Henry Fielding’s Joseph Andrews (1742), and A.S. Byatt’s Possession: A Romance (1990).
Furthermore, a "mock epic" or "mock-heroic poem" is a kind of parody itself. It mimics the elaborate and complex form of an epic poem. The rather formalized style of the genre is also imitated. The Rape of the Lock (1714) by Alexander Pope is one of the best examples of a mock epic. There’s a lot of elegance in its style, but the subject matter contains little else apart from a person’s curls on the face of it.
Low Form
Burlesque literature of the "low" variety usually includes creations in which the manner and style of the work are undignified. However, the subject matter tends to have a distinguished status. Hudibrastic and Travesty poems are some types of low burlesque literature.
Hudibrastic poems are named after Samuel Butler’s iconic Hudibras (1663), which turned romance and chivalry on their head. Butler inverted the genre’s dignified style to depict a "hero" whose travels were boring and often embarrassing. Hudibrastic poems may also utilize doggerel verses and colloquialisms instead of the usual high-style elements.
On the other hand, a travesty mocks serious and "lofty" creations by treating the "high" subject in an undignified and grotesque manner and style. The 1974 movie "Young Frankenstein" is among the finest examples of modern travesty. It mocks Frankenstein (1818), the original novel by Mary Shelley.
The Lampoon
Lastly, this is another example of burlesque literature. Lampoons are usually short pieces of satire. You might also find the lampoon as a passage or groups of passages within a longer literary creation. The goal of the lampoon is to ridicule a person, normally through a caricature, by describing their personality, appearance, and nature in an absurd manner.